Kata Kerja
Kata Kerja adalah
bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus
Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi
kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving”
saja agar mudah.
Kata kerja dalam bahasa
Inggris ada banyak bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.
Kata Kerja bentuk
1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write,
read, participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2,
sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING
atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja
tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris.
Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja
Perubahan bentuk
Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang
beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada
rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi
kita orang Indonesia, haha.
·
Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):
Artinya
mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED”
seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played
Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan
perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun
panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris
walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau
menulsinya disini satu per satu?.
·
Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular
Verb):
Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut
untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi:
break-broke-broken
Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan
lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap
tenses bahasa inggris
1.
Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)
Rumus :
+ } S + V1 + O/C
- } S + Do/does +
not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S + V1
+ O/C
Example :
+ } Sisca Reads book
everyday
- } Sisca does not
Read book everyday
? } does Sisca Read
book everyday
Yes He does / No He
does not (doesn’t)
For I, We, You, They
= do
He, She, It = Does
Contoh kalimat :
(+) She is a new
people here.
(+) He plays
football every morning
(-) She isn’t a new
people here.
(-) He does not
playing football every morning.
(?) Is she a new
people here?
(?) How playing
football every morning?
b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sekarang)
Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang
berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V1 +
ing + O/C
>> + } They are playing badmintoon now
- } S + Be + not +
V1 + ing + O/C >> – } They
are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V1 +
ing + O/C
>> ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?
Contoh dalam kalimat :
(+) He is playing
badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing
badminton now.
(?) Is he playing
badminton now.
c. Present
Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb+main verb
Contoh :
(+) you have eaten
mine.
(-) she has not been
to Rome
(?) have you
finished?
d. Present
Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
(+): S + have/has + been + Ving
(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving
Contoh :
(+) She has been
going to Malang
since evening.
(+) We have been
riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn’t been
going to Malang
since evening.
(-) We haven’t been
riding a horse for three days.
(?) Has she been
going to Malang
?
(?) Have He been
riding a horse for three days ?
2.
Past
Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a. Simple
Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)
Rumus :
+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-}
S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+
S+O/C
Example :
+} We were at school
yesterday
-} We were not at
school yesterday
?} were we at school
yesterday ?
Contoh :
(+) I saw a good
film last night
(+) He came here
last month
(-) I saw not a good
film last night
(-) He came not last
month
(?) Saw I a good
film last night
(?) Came He here
last month
b. Past
Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)
Rumus :
(+): S + was/were + Ving
(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving
(?): Was/Were + S + Ving
Contoh :
(+) He was watching
television all afternoon last week
(+) They were
talking about sport when I met him
(-) He wasn’t
watching television all afternoon last week
(-) They weren’t
talking about sport when I met him
(?) Was He watching
television all afternoon last week
(?) Were they
talking about sport when I met him
c. Past
Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S + had + V3
(-): S + had + not + V3
(?): Had + S + V3
Contoh :
(+) When my brother
arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(+) The ship had
left before I arrived
(-) When my brother
arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
(-) The ship hadn’t
left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor
cycle , when my brother arrived ?
(?) Had the ship
left before I arrived?
d. Past Perfect
Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) They had been
living there for two month
(+) When they washed
my drees , your father had been playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t been
living there for two month
(-) When they washed
my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had they been
living there for two month?
(?) When they washed
my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?
3. Future
Tense (Akan Datang)
a. Simple
Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will visit to
yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl
friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next
month?
(+) President shall
at Nederland
the day after tomorrow.
(-) President shall
not at Nederland
the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President
at Nederland
the day after tomorrow?
b. Future
Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will be
writing a comic.
(+) I will be
studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not
writing a comic.
(-) I will not be
studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be
writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be
studying tomorrow night ?
c. Future
Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
Contoh :
(+)
Iwill havefinishedby 10am.
(+)
Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-)
Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-)
Wewillnothaveleft.
(?) Willyou havearrived?
(?)
Willthey havereceivedit?
d.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will have been
reading a news paper.
(+) He will have
been listening music.
(-) I will haven’t
been reading a news paper.
(-) He will haven’t
listening a music.
(?) Will I have been
riding a news paper ?
(?) Will He have
listening a music ?
4.
Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
a. Past
Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would +
V1
Negatif: S + would +
not + V1
Tanya: Would +
S + V1
Contoh :
(+) He would come if
you invited him.
(+) They would buy a
home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t come
if invited him.
(-) They wouldn’t
buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He come if
invited him ?
(?) Would they buy a
home the previous day ?
b.
Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + be + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving
Contoh :
(+) I should be
swimming at this time the following day.
(+) I shall be
sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t be
swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping
at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be
swimming at this time the following day ?
(?) Shall I be
sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?
c.
Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + V3
Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3
Tanya: Would + S + have + V3
Contoh :
(+) He would have
graduated if he had studies hard.
(+) Nonok will have
studied moth by the end of this week.
(-) He wouldn’t have
gone if he had met his darling
(-) Nonok will have
not studied month by the end of this week
(?) Would He have
gone if he had met his darling ?
(?) Will Nonok have
studied month by the end of this week ?
d.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu
Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving
Contoh :
Rianawati would have
been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif
would have been walking here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would
have been speaking English for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif
wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati
wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa
Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati
have been speaking English for two years?
Sumber : http://javasun3.wordpress.com/2010/03/03/rumus-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris/